基礎知識Jan 3, 2025

How to Start Learning Poker the Right Way for Beginners 2026 Updated Guide

Author

Shibainu

Affiliated with the Graduate School of Science and Engineering at Hosei University.
Has experience across various formats, with a particular preference for tournaments.
Involved in business development at CLOViZ Inc.

Introduction: How Do You Actually Get Better at Poker?

Hello everyone!

This guide is for players who have learned the rules of poker but still feel stuck and aren’t sure how to improve. Below, you’ll find a clear roadmap for building poker skills efficiently.

Poker is a deep card game where you win by combining strategy and psychology. But because luck is always involved, it’s not easy to judge whether your decision was correct even when you win the pot. The real question is whether you chose the highest expected value play.

To become a strong poker player, you need the ability to think through each situation and consistently find the best action. Building that skill requires knowledge of poker fundamentals (like pot odds and how the game works), GTO strategy, and exploitative adjustments.

In this article, we’ll break down how to study poker and learn strategy in a structured way, with practical approaches you can apply right away. We’ll also share recommended articles and tools throughout.

Poker is a game you can reliably improve at if you put in the work. Use this roadmap to sharpen your skills efficiently, enjoy the game more, and become a more winning player.

What This Article Covers

This article is organized into the sections below. Each topic is explained in detail, along with helpful tools and recommended resources.

Fundamentals
Core concepts you need to improve at poker. We’ll cover common beginner leaks, foundational ideas like pot odds and MDF (minimum defense frequency), and how poker variance works. We’ll also introduce useful articles and tools.
GTO Strategy
GTO (Game Theory Optimal) is one of the most important concepts in modern poker. This section explains what GTO is, why you should learn it, and a practical step-by-step process for studying it, including tools you can use.
Exploitative Strategy
How to spot opponents’ weaknesses and maximize profit by exploiting them. Using GTO as a baseline, we’ll show how to apply exploits in real situations with concrete examples.

By the end, you’ll have a structured path from poker fundamentals to advanced strategy, so you can improve efficiently. Use the knowledge and tools introduced at each step and aim to become a stronger player.

1. Learn the Fundamentals

The first step to improving at poker is building a solid foundation. In this section, we’ll explain common beginner mistakes, key concepts you need to know, and the nature of poker as a game. Once you understand these basics, you’ll be able to learn GTO strategy and exploitative strategy much more effectively.

1.1 How to Move Beyond Beginner Level

When you only know the rules, it’s easy to develop bad habits without realizing it. For example:

Limping (entering the pot preflop by calling)
Cold-calling a 3-bet (calling after someone opens and another player re-raises)
Donk betting (betting before the preflop aggressor acts)

In most cases, these actions have low expected value. Fixing these habits is one of the fastest ways to stop playing like a beginner.

Key points beginners should focus on:

Limp less: Raise more often to create more situations where you have the initiative.
Avoid calling too much with weak hands: Don’t force yourself into pots. Build the habit of playing higher-EV hands.
Don’t donk bet: Get used to checking to the player who last bet or raised on the previous street.

Recommended article:
https://note.com/goole/n/n0623e8fcab03

1.2 Core Concepts: Odds, MDF, Alpha, and More

To play poker strategically, you must understand basic mathematical concepts like pot odds and minimum defense frequency (MDF). These tools help you evaluate risk and reward objectively.

Pot odds basics:

Pot odds: A metric used to decide whether calling is profitable based on your equity.
MDF (minimum defense frequency): The minimum frequency you must defend so your opponent’s bluffs don’t become automatically profitable.
Alpha (α): The fold equity required for a bluff to be profitable.

Understanding these concepts is extremely important. They help you learn why GTO strategies can’t be exploited and how to apply that logic to your own play. For example, when bluff-catching, MDF can guide you toward more accurate decisions.

1.3 Understanding the Nature of the Game

In poker, correct decisions don’t always lead to immediate results. You need to understand variance and develop the mental discipline to avoid being controlled by short-term outcomes. This is especially important in tournaments, where you’ll experience major upswings and downswings and must think long-term.

For example, imagine a $100 buy-in tournament with 100 players. If a player with true break-even skill plays 100 tournaments, a simulation might look like this:

The vertical axis shows profit/loss ($), and the horizontal axis shows the number of tournaments played.
As you can see in Figure 1, even with the same skill level, results can swing wildly.
That’s the nature of tournament poker.
So if you want to improve, you must understand this reality, stop obsessing over short-term results, and focus on whether you played your hands as well as possible.

2. Learn GTO, One of the Most Important Concepts in Poker

If you want to improve seriously, you should learn GTO (Game Theory Optimal) strategy. GTO is a theoretical approach that helps you play in a way that can’t be exploited. By studying it, you reduce your own leaks and build a stronger baseline strategy. This section explains what GTO is, why it matters, how to study it, and which tools can help.

2.1 What Is GTO?

GTO (Game Theory Optimal) refers to equilibrium play in poker that cannot be exploited by an opponent. No matter how your opponent plays, a GTO-based strategy minimizes your losses in theory.

For example, by balancing your bluffing frequency and calling frequency correctly, you make it difficult for opponents to predict and punish your tendencies. In that sense, GTO is the theoretical foundation of poker strategy.

2.2 Why You Should Learn GTO

Here are the main reasons to study GTO strategy:

You become harder to exploit
If you play based on GTO principles, even strong opponents won’t be able to exploit you easily. This is crucial for stable long-term results.
It becomes the foundation for exploitative play
When you understand GTO, you can measure how far an opponent deviates from equilibrium. Spotting those deviations lets you exploit them more effectively.
It stabilizes your mindset
Because GTO-based decisions are mathematically grounded, you can keep playing confidently without being overly affected by short-term outcomes.

Recommended article:
https://note.com/nekochan0214/n/n2ad07b4b8206

2.3 A Step-by-Step Process to Study GTO

GTO can feel complex at first, but you can learn it efficiently by following a clear process.

Step 1: Master the fundamentals

Start by learning core concepts like pot odds, MDF, and bluffing frequency. This creates the foundation you need to understand GTO outputs.

Step 2: Start with simplified strategies

You don’t need to learn everything at once. For example, fix your bet sizes to one standard size, or focus on the positions you play most often. Simplify first, then expand.

Step 3: Use tools

To study GTO in practice, use apps and training tools. They help you learn optimal decisions in specific scenarios and build pattern recognition faster.

2.4 Useful Tools

Here are a few tools that make learning GTO much easier:

POKER Q’z
A beginner-to-intermediate friendly training platform that makes it easy to study GTO strategy. A major benefit is that you can view AI-generated explanations for each question.
It also includes features to identify leaks through play data analysis, structured study plans, and progress tracking through your play logs.
Download here:
https://pokerqz.com/?utm_source=hp&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=general
GTO Wizard
A powerful tool for studying GTO strategy. It offers detailed hand analysis and scenario-based solutions so players can learn optimal lines. It’s widely used by intermediate and advanced players who want to level up their poker strategy.
Official site:
https://gtowizard.com/ja/

3. Spot Opponent Tendencies: Learn Exploitative Strategy

To win at poker, you need to identify how opponents play and maximize profit by exploiting their mistakes. This section explains the core ideas behind exploitative strategy and how to apply it in real games.

3.1 The Difference Between GTO and Exploitative Play

In poker, GTO strategy aims for a theoretical equilibrium that cannot be exploited, regardless of how your opponent plays. Exploitative strategy, on the other hand, focuses on maximizing profit by targeting an opponent’s tendencies and mistakes.

In short:

GTO strategy: A strategy designed to prevent you from being exploited. It provides a stable baseline for long-term results.
Exploitative strategy: A strategy that finds opponent weaknesses and profits when they deviate from theoretically correct play.

For example, if an opponent bluffs far too often, exploitative play means you call more frequently to capture that extra bluff value.

3.2 How to Think About Exploits

Use the steps below to build an exploitative strategy.

1. Observe your opponent’s tendencies

The first step is observation. Look for patterns like:

Preflop tendencies: For example, limping often or 3-betting too rarely.
Postflop tendencies: C-betting too frequently, then becoming passive on the turn or river.
Bluff frequency: Do they overbluff in certain spots, or are they heavily value-weighted?

2. Analyze the mistakes

Based on what you observe, identify what they’re doing wrong.

Preflop mistakes: If their ranges are too wide, increase your 3-bets and attack more aggressively.
Bluffing mistakes: If they bluff too much, widen your calling range.
Folding mistakes: If they fold too often, increase your betting frequency.

3. Adjust from a GTO baseline

Exploitative play works best when you start from a GTO baseline and then shift your strategy based on opponent tendencies. For example, if an opponent folds too often on the turn, you can bet more in spots where GTO might check and gain extra profit.

4. Test it in real games

Apply your adjustments, then review the results. Exploits vary by opponent, so stay flexible and keep adapting. If your opponent notices and changes their strategy, you must respond appropriately.

3.3 Concrete Examples of Exploits

Here are a few practical examples of exploitative strategy:

Against opponents who bluff too much: Increase your calling frequency to profit from their bluffs. Use MDF as a reference, then intentionally adjust your defense frequency based on their tendencies.
Against opponents who fold too much: Bluff more on the turn and river to maximize profit. Compared to GTO, expanding your bluff range can be very effective.
Against opponents who limp too often preflop: Raise with a wider range to take the initiative. This is especially effective if they tend to play passively postflop.

3.4 Key Cautions

Keep these points in mind when using exploitative strategy:

Your opponent may adjust: They might notice what you’re doing and change their strategy. Keep observing and adapt quickly.
Don’t over-adjust: If you push exploits too far, you can become exploitable yourself. Stay aware of GTO balance as your safety net.

Exploitative strategy can generate big profits when you target opponent weaknesses effectively. Build a strong GTO foundation, then make smart adjustments for each opponent to become a stronger overall player.

Reference Links and Tools

Fundamentals

GTO Strategy and Tools

Exploitative Strategy

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Company Info

Company: CLOViZ Inc.

Location: Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

Founded: May 7, 2024

CEO: Sotaro Masaki

URL: https://cloviz.co.jp

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